Malay Indonesians (

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian ...

: Orang Melayu Indonesia; Jawi: اورڠ ملايو ايندونيسيا) are

ethnic Malays Malays ( ms, Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to eastern Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands that lie between these locations — areas that are col ...

living throughout

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. They are one of the indigenous peoples of the country.

, the national language of Indonesia, is a standardized form of

Riau Malay Riau Malay ( Jawi: بهاس ملايو رياو, ''Bahasa Melayu Riau'') is a variety of the Malay language spoken in the Indonesian province of Riau Riau is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of Sumatra alo ...

.Sneddon 2003, ''The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society'', p. 69–70''Kamus Saku Bahasa Indonesia'', p. 272, PT Mizan Publika, There were numerous kingdoms associated with the Indonesian Malays along with other ethnicities in what is now Indonesia, mainly on the islands of

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

and

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

. These included Srivijaya, the

Melayu Kingdom The Melayu Kingdom (also known as Malayu, Dharmasraya Kingdom or the Jambi Kingdom; , reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation ''mat-la-yu kwok'')Muljana, Slamet , (2006), ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS, . was a classical Buddhist kingdom l ...

Dharmasraya Dharmasraya, is the capital of the 11th century Buddhist polity known as Melayu Kingdom, based on the Batanghari river system in modern-day West Sumatra and Jambi, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.J.L.A. Brandes, 1902, ''Nāgarakrětāgam ...

, the

Sultanate of Deli Sultanate of Deli (Indonesian: ''Kesultanan Deli Darul Maimoon''; Jawi: ) was a 1,820 km² Malay state in east Sumatra founded in 1630. A tributary kingdom from 1630 it was controlled by various Sultanates until 1814, when it became an in ...

, the

Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak (Indonesian: Kesultanan Siak Sri Inderapura; Jawi: ), was a kingdom that was located in the Siak Regency, Riau from 1722 to 1949 CE. It was founded by ''Raja Kechil,'' who wa ...

, the

Riau-Lingga Sultanate Riau-Lingga Sultanate ( Malay/ Indonesian: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ, ''Kesultanan Riau-Lingga''), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before ...

, the

Sultanate of Bulungan The Sultanate of Bulungan (کسلطانن بولوڠن) was a princely state of Indonesia located in the existing Bulungan Regency in the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia in the east of the island of Borneo. Its territory spanned the ea ...

, Pontianak Sultanate, and the

Sultanate of Sambas The Sultanate of Sambas ( Malay/ Indonesian: كسلطانن سمبس, ''Kesultanan Sambas'') was a traditional Malay state on the Western coast of the island of Borneo, in modern-day Indonesia. History At first governed by governors, Sambas ...

. The 2010 census states that there are 8 million Malays in Indonesia, this number comes from the classification of Malays in

East Sumatra The State of East Sumatra (''Negara Sumatera Timur'') was established by the Netherlands after the reoccupation of North Sumatra in July, 1947, during the first of the Dutch " police actions" against the fledgling Republic of Indonesia. In 1949, ...

and the coast of

Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. In Indonesia, "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo. In 2019, ...

which is recognized by the

Indonesian government The term Government of Indonesia ( id, Pemerintah Indonesia) can have a number of different meanings. At its widest, it can refer collectively to the three traditional branches of government – the executive branch, legislative branch and ju ...

. This classification is different from the

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

and

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

census which includes all ethnic Muslims from the

Indonesian archipelago The islands of Indonesia, also known as the Indonesian Archipelago ( id, Kepulauan Indonesia) or Nusantara, may refer either to the islands comprising the country of Indonesia or to the geographical groups which include its islands. History ...

(inc. Acehnese, Banjarese,

Bugis The Bugis people (pronounced ), also known as Buginese, are an ethnicity—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassar and Toraja), in the south-western province of Sulawe ...

Mandailing The Mandailing is an ethnic group in Sumatera, Indonesia that is commonly associated with the Batak people. They are found mainly in the northern section of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. They came under the influence of the Kaum Padri who ...

Minangkabau Minangkabau may refer to: * Minangkabau culture, culture of the Minangkabau people * Minangkabau Culture Documentation and Information Center * Minangkabau Express, an airport rail link service serving Minangkabau International Airport (''see belo ...

and Javanese) as Malays.

History

Sumatra

There are various kingdoms and sultanates related to the history of the Malay people and other ethnicities on the island of

, such as

, Srivijaya,

Asahan Sultanate The Sultanate of Asahan () was a Malay sultanate from approximately 1630 AD until 1946 AD. It was located in the north-east of the island of Sumatra, in what is now Indonesia and covered what is now the Asahan Regency. History The sultanat ...

Riau Sultanate Riau-Lingga Sultanate ( Malay/ Indonesian: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ, ''Kesultanan Riau-Lingga''), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before ...

Palembang Sultanate The Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam (كسلطانن ڤلامبڠ دارالسلام) is a sultanate in Indonesia whose capital was the city of Palembang in the southern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It was proclaimed in 1659 by ''Sus ...

and the

Lingga Sultanate Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Malay/Indonesian: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ, ''Kesultanan Riau-Lingga''), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before be ...

, etc.

Kalimantan

There are various kingdoms and sultanates related to the history of the Malay people and other ethnicities on the island of

(a.k.a. Borneo), such as Sanggau Kingdom, Pontianak Sultanate,

Bulungan Sultanate The Sultanate of Bulungan (کسلطانن بولوڠن) was a princely state of Indonesia located in the existing Bulungan Regency in the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia in the east of the island of Borneo. Its territory spanned the east ...

, Berau Sultanate,

Gunung Tabur Sultanate ''Gunung'' (also spelled ''Gunong'') is the Malay and Indonesian word for mountain —it is regularly used in volcano (as ''Gunung Berapi'') and mountain names throughout Southeast Asia. Mountains using the prefixes Gunung / Gunong The fol ...

, Sambaliung Sultanate, Paser Sultanate, Kutai Sultanate, etc. In the

Pontianak incidents The Pontianak incident consisted of two massacres which took place in Kalimantan during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies. One of them is also known as the Mandor Affair. The victims were from a wide variety of ethnic groups, and ...

during the

Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies The Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945. It was one of the most crucial and important periods in modern Indonesian history. In May ...

, the Japanese massacred most of the Malay elite and beheaded all of the Malay Sultans in Kalimantan. During the

Fall of Suharto Suharto resigned as President of Indonesia on 21 May 1998 following the collapse of support for his 32-year long presidency. Vice President B. J. Habibie took over the presidency. Suharto's grip on power weakened following severe economic and ...

, there was a resurgence in Malay nationalism and identity in Kalimantan and ethnic Malays and

Dayaks The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each w ...

in Sambas massacred Madurese during the

Sambas riots The Sambas riots were an outbreak of inter-ethnic violence in Indonesia, in 1999. The conflict started in the regency of Sambas, West Kalimantan Province. The conflict involved Malay allying with the indigenous Dayak people in order to massacr ...

Language

is the homeland of the

Malay language Malay (; ms, Bahasa Melayu, links=no, Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , Rejang script, Rencong: ) is an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spo ...

s, which today spans all corners of

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

. The

Indonesian language Indonesian ( ) is the official language, official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standard language, standardized variety (linguistics), variety of Malay language, Malay, an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that has be ...

, which is the

country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...

's official language and ''

lingua franca A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups ...

'', was based on Riau Malay. The

has a long history, which has a literary record as far back as the 7th century AD. A famous early Malay inscription, the

Kedukan Bukit Inscription The Kedukan Bukit inscription is an inscription discovered by the Dutchman C.J. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), on the banks of Tatang River, a tributary of Musi River. It is the ...

, was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920, at Kedukan Bukit,

South Sumatra South Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Selatan) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southeast of the island of Sumatra, The province spans and had a population of 8,467,432 at the 2020 Census. The capital of the province is Palembang. The prov ...

, on the banks of the Tatang river, a tributary of the Musi River. It is a small stone of 45 by 80 cm. It is written in

Old Malay Malay was first used in the first millennia known as Old Malay, a part of the Austronesian language family. Over a period of two millennia, Malay has undergone various stages of development that derived from different layers of foreign influen ...

, a possible ancestor of today's

and its variants. Most

s and dialects spoken in

are mutually unintelligible with Standard Indonesian. The most widely spoken are Palembang Malay (3.2 million),

Jambi Malay Jambi ( jax, Baso Jambi, id, Bahasa Jambi) is a Malayic language spoken in Jambi province, Indonesia. It is closely related to Palembang Malay in neighbouring South Sumatra, Riau Malay in Riau Province and the surrounding islands, and Bengk ...

(1 million), Bengkulu Malay (1.6 million) and Banjarese (4 million) (although not considered to be a dialect of

by its speakers; its minor dialect is typically called Bukit Malay). Besides the proper Malay languages, there are several languages closely related to

such as

, Kerinci, Kubu and others. These languages are closely related to

, but their speakers do not consider their languages to be

. There are many

Malay-based creoles In addition to its Classical language, classical and Literary language, literary form, Malayic languages, Malay had various Nonstandard dialect, regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya, Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indones ...

spoken in the country especially in eastern

due to contacts from the western part of

and during colonial rule where

replaced

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

as a ''

''. The most well-known Malay creoles in

are

Ambonese Malay Ambonese Malay or simply Ambonese is a Malay-based creole language spoken on Ambon Island in the Maluku Islands of Eastern Indonesia. It was first brought by traders from Western Indonesia, then developed when the Dutch Empire colonised the Ma ...

, Betawi,

Manado Malay Manado Malay, or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is , and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, afte ...

and

Papuan Malay Papuan Malay or Irian Malay is a Malay-based creole language spoken in the Indonesian part of New Guinea. It emerged as a contact language among tribes in Indonesian New Guinea (now Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, and We ...

Sub-ethnic groups of Indonesian Malays

Malay ethnic groups in Indonesia

The Malay people in Indonesia fall into various sub-ethnicities with each having its own distinct linguistic variety, history, clothing, traditions, and a sense of common identity. According to 2000 census, Malay Indonesians include:

Sumatra

* Tamiang Malays * Langkat Malays * Deli Malays * Asahan Malays *

Riau Malays Riau Malays ( Jawi: ملايو رياو, ''Melayu Riau'') is a Malays sub-ethnic originating from the Riau and Riau Islands province. The main areas of the Riau Malays are on the east coast of Riau, mostly in Bengkalis, Indragiri Hulu, Kampar, ...

* Jambi Malays *

Palembang people The Palembang or Palembangese people ( id, Orang Palembang; Palembang language: ''Uwong Pelémbang''), also known as Palembangese Malay ( ms, Melayu Palembang; Jawi: ملايو ڤلامبڠ) are an ethnic group that inhabits the interior part ...

Semendo people South Barisan Malay, also called Central Malay or Middle Malay, is a collection of related Malayic isolects spoken in the southwestern part of Sumatra. None of the Central Malay isolects has more than one million speakers. Name Traditionally, ...

* Bengkulu Malays * Bangka Malays * Belitung Malays

Kalimantan

* Sambas Malays * Pontianak Malays * Ketapang Malays * Kotawaringin Malays *

Berau Malays The Berau people, also known as Berau Malays or Berau Benua is a sub-ethnic group of Malays (ethnic group), Malays that lives in Berau Regency, Berau, in the north of East Kalimantan province, Indonesia. The Berau culture began with the former ...

Aboriginal Malays

* Akit people *

Orang Rimba people The Orang Batin Sembilan, Orang Rimba or Anak Dalam are mobile, animist peoples who live throughout the lowland forests of southeast Sumatra. Kubu is a Malay exonym ascribed to them. In the Malay language, the word Kubu can mean defensive fortif ...

* Batin people * Bonai people *

Orang Laut The Orang Laut are several seafaring ethnic groups and tribes living around Singapore, peninsular Malaysia and the Indonesian Riau Islands. The Orang Laut are commonly identified as the Orang Seletar from the Straits of Johor, but the term ma ...

* Petalangan * Talang Mamak * Sekak Bangka COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kleurenlitho getiteld Jong gehuwde Maleische vrouw TMnr 5795-34

Notable Malay Indonesians

Literature

Andrea Hirata Andrea Hirata (born October 24, 1967) is an Indonesian author best known for the 2005 novel ''Laskar Pelangi'' ("The Rainbow Troops") and its sequels. Biography Hirata was born in Gantung, Belitung. While he was young, his parents changed his n ...

, Indonesian author *

Raja Ali Haji Raja Ali Haji bin Raja Haji Ahmad (1808–1873) was a 19th-century Bugis- Malay historian, poet and scholar. He was elevated to the status of National Hero of Indonesia in 2004. Haji has been described as one of the most important Malay writ ...

, a 19th-century historian, member of the royal house of

Riau-Lingga Riau-Lingga Sultanate ( Malay/ Indonesian: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ, ''Kesultanan Riau-Lingga''), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, befor ...

and

Selangor Selangor (; ), also known by its Arabic language, Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan, or "Abode of Sincerity", is one of the 13 Malaysian states. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east ...

and National Hero of Indonesia

Royalty

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178

Tuanku Sultan Otteman II Sultan Otteman II Perkasa 'Alam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Amal ud-din al-Sani Perkasa 'Alam Shah (1945-1967) was a former Sultanate of Deli, Sultan of Deli, in which the kingdom's capital was Medan, in North Sumatra. He was born to Sultan 'Amal ud ...

– a former Sultan of Deli, in which the kingdom's capital was

Medan Medan (; English: ) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra, as well as a regional hub and financial centre of Sumatra. According to the National Development Planning Agency, Medan is one of the four main ...

, in

North Sumatra North Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Utara) is a province of Indonesia located on the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan. North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province after West Java, East Java and ...

. * Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah – 9th Sultan of Deli Sultanate * Sultan Hamid II – former Sultan of the Pontianak Sultanate * Pangeran Ratu Winata Kusuma of Sambas – heir to the

* Sultan Syarif Kasim II – 12th Sultan of

Siak Sultanate The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak (Indonesian: Kesultanan Siak Sri Inderapura; Jawi: ), was a kingdom that was located in the Siak Regency, Riau from 1722 to 1949 CE. It was founded by ''Raja Kechil,'' who w ...

Politics

Marzuki Alie Marzuki Alie ( Jawi: مرزوقي علي ; born 6 November 1955) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the fifteenth speaker of the People's Representative Council from 2009 until 2004. A member of the Democratic Party until ...

– speaker of the

People's Representative Council The People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, DPR-RI), also known as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), ...

, 2009–2014 term *

Hatta Rajasa Muhammad Hatta Rajasa (born 18 December 1953) is an Indonesian politician who served as the Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Indonesia from 22 October 2009 to 13 May 2014. A member of the National Mandate Party (PAN), he previously served ...

– the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs in the

Second United Indonesia Cabinet The Second United Indonesia Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu II) was inaugurated on 22 October 2009, two days after the inauguration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as President of Indonesia for the second term. The cabinet consists of members ...

. Previously, he was the State Secretary, Minister of Transport and Minister for Research and Technology in the

Mutual Assistance Cabinet The Mutual Assistance Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Gotong Royong) was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Megawati Sukarnoputri and Vice President Hamzah Haz from 10 August 2001 until 20 October 2004. The Cabinet was formed after Megawa ...

(2001–2004). *

Amir Hamzah Tengku Amir Hamzah (February 1911 – 20 March 1946) was an Indonesian poet and National Hero of Indonesia. Born into a Malay aristocratic family in the Sultanate of Langkat in North Sumatra, he was educated in both Sumatra and Java. Whi ...

– an Indonesian poet and

National Hero of Indonesia National Hero of Indonesia ( id, Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia. It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can b ...

. *

Hamzah Haz Hamzah Haz (born 15 February 1940) is an Indonesian politician who served as vice president of Indonesia from 2001 until 2004, under President Megawati Sukarnoputri. He previously held the positions of Minister of Investment and Coordinating M ...

– an

n politician. He is the head of the

United Development Party The United Development Party ( id, Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, sometimes translated as Development Unity Party; abbreviated PPP) is an Islam-basedAl-Hamdi, Ridho. (2013). ''Partai politik Islam: Teori dan praktik di Indonesia''. Yogyakarta: Grah ...

(PPP) and served as the ninth Vice-President from 2001 until 2004. *

Yusril Ihza Mahendra Yusril Ihza Mahendra (born 5 February 1956) is an Indonesian lawyer, politician and academic, who is currently serving as the leader of the Crescent Star Party (PBB) since 2015. Previously, he served as the leader of the PBB from 1998 until 200 ...

– former chairman of the Crescent Star Party * Alex Noerdin – the 15th Governor of South Sumatra * Muhammad Lukman Edy – the former Minister for Acceleration of Disadvantaged Regions in 2007/2009 *

Muhammad Sani Muhammad Sani (also called Parsena Lanjingland Muhamadani or Mangal Ningthou Sayi in Meitei) was a 17th-century nobleman who led the first settlement of Manipuri Muslims (regionally known as Meitei Pangals) into the Manipur Kingdom, what is now ...

– the 2nd Governor of Riau Island *

Rizal Nurdin Haji Tengku Rizal Nurdin (February 21, 1948 – September 5, 2005) was the 14th and 15th Governor of North Sumatra, Indonesia. He served from 1998 until his death on September 5, 2005. In that time he was serving in his second period (2003–20 ...

– the 15th Governor of North Sumatra *

Rusli Zainal Rusli Zainal (born 3 December 1957) is an Indonesian former politician convicted of corruption who served two terms as Governor of Riau between 2003 and 2013. He was also previously regent of Indragiri Hilir Regency. He was sentenced to 14 years ...

– the 13th Governor of Riau *

Tantowi Yahya Tantowi Yahya (born 29 October 1960 in Palembang) is an Indonesian artist, presenter and politician who is a former Ambassador of Indonesia to New Zealand, Samoa and Tonga. He is most famous for hosting the Indonesian version of ''Who Wants to ...

– Indonesian TV presenter turned politician.

Entertainment

* Ariel Peterpan – the lead singer vocalist of Indonesian band Noah *

Carissa Putri Carissa Putri Sulaiman (born September 12, 1984) is an Indonesian actress and model best known for her role as Maria Girgis in the romantic religious Indonesian hit film '' Ayat-Ayat Cinta'' (a.k.a. Verses of Love) in 2008 and " The Tarix Jabr ...

– Indonesian model and actress * Revalina Sayuthi Temat – Indonesian actress, popularly known for her work in

Bawang Merah Bawang Putih Bawang merah dan bawang putih ( Indonesian for Shallots and Garlic) is a popular traditional Malay and Indonesian folklore involving two siblings with opposite characters (one good and one bad), and an unjust step mother. The folktale has the sim ...

* Titi Kamal – prominent Indonesian actress and singer * Farah Quinn – celebrity chef

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Malay dialects of Indonesia

Jambi ExplorerMelayuOnline
{{Ethnic groups in Indonesia Ethnic groups in Indonesia Malay people Muslim communities of Indonesia

History

Sumatra

Kalimantan

Language

Sub-ethnic groups of Indonesian Malays

Malay ethnic groups in Indonesia

Sumatra

Kalimantan

Aboriginal Malays

Notable Malay Indonesians

Literature

Royalty

Politics

Entertainment

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links